what is sinus Brady cardiac and ventricular Hypertrophy

sinus bradycardia is a slow heart beat, any heart rate under sixty beats per minute is considered bradycardia.

ventricular hypertrophy is enlargement of the heart.

Sinus bradycardia is a slow heartbeat, less than 60 beats per minute. Ventricular hypertrophy means the ventricles of the heart, or the 2 lower chambers have enlarged. The ventricles do the most work and sometimes enlarge to compensate for increased workloads which can be caused by a variety of things. Obesity, smoking, constriction or blockages of blood vessels etc. Hypertrophy of the ventricles is often a symptom of Congestive heart failure.

Sinus bradycardia: Bradycardia (slow heart rate generally below 60 per minute), produced due to a slow rate of impulse production in the sino auricular node in the heart is called sinus bradicardia.
It may be physiological (normal/natural) or pathological(ie., due to disease).
Pathologically sinus bradycardia may be due to
(1) Reflex: nervous effect(via vagus), overactive carotid sinus, myxoedema etc.,.
(2) Lowered metabolic states: such as exposure to cold, starvation, anorexia nervosa, cachexia, melonchelia etc.,
(3) Toxic conditions:
(a) Endogenous: Such as Jaundice, diabetes, uremia etc.,.
(b) Exogenous: may be due to digitalis, stropanthis, opium etc.,.
(4) In states of convalescence from acute infections like influenza & in exhaustion states.
(5) Pulse rate low in proportion to the fever as in typhoid, salmunellosis etc.,.
(6) In all cases of increased intrecranial pressure & meningitis.
(7) In heart blocks.
(8) Temporary slowing of pulse rate occurs with pressure on the vagus nerve in the neck resulting in an ordinary fainting attack( Vaso-vagal slowing).
Ventricular hypertrophy: Here there is an increase in the muscular substance of the heart.
Left ventricular hypertrophy is generally due to hypertension, aortic stenosis or regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, healed chronic myocarditis, adherent pericardium etc.,.
Right ventricular hypertrophy is seen generally in pulmonary diseases causing obstruction to pulmonary circulation, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, pulmonary arteriosclerosis, Ayerza is disease, congenital pulmonary stenosis etc.,.
And excessive muscular exercise in athietics, labourers etc., where ventricular hypertrophy is normal & more noticable in men than in women.